The Importance Of Censorship - 1074 Words

Imagine a world without censorship. The world we live in today would be 10 times worse if we did not have censorship. Censorship protects our freedom of speech, government information, and bad influences. Censorship is a necessary regulation in todays society for many reasons such as in keeping our world safe from sensitive information. First off some information from the government should not be secured for our safety. Such as invasions from terrorist should be told to citizens for their safety. Citizens should be aware of information from the government. Information such as the JFK assassination should have been told to the citizens earlier in time. Things like that should be told to citizens because they could have been searching for†¦show more content†¦Protesters should protest for whatever they are fighting for but they should also get people to understand why they feel that way. Getting people to understand why they feel that way about that topic is super important b ecause citizens want to know why you are protesting against your topic. In the source â€Å"Reading, Writing, and Censorship.† is talking about how an Association that defines censorship as the removal or restricted circulation of educational materials. That is talking about how the Bill of Rights protects our freedom of speech. In the source it is talking about how there are three levels of censorship. First level is talking about how a parent that does not want their kid reading a particular because of the topic of the book might be sensitive to some kids. Next level is talking about how teachers, parents, administrators do not want kids reading a specific book. This is agreeing with the first rule but now teachers and the administrator have a say on it which means it is a high chance that they will not be reading a book about a topic. Last level is talking about how a person who goes in and fights to make a point about something. This is showing if something should be remo ved you should fight for it to be removed. â€Å"One of our recommendations is that if a parent or student does not want to a particular book the student should be given a alternative book.† This quote is saying that if a student or parent feelsShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Censorship1640 Words   |  7 PagesHow is Censorship Beneficial? How is censorship used? Is it good or was it bad? Censorship is a good thing because people do not want kids looking at bad pictures. Censorship stops them from seeing that because it makes it to where there are books being banned and movies being rated. Also, censorship allows the government to control and limit exposure to several different types of things. Censorship is well known and was even used in the past. Censorship should be allowed in schools to prevent kidsRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship1199 Words   |  5 Pagesin the United States of America, find censorship helpful when it protects their children from harmful things, but they are against censorship when it is used out of context. Parents seem to appreciate censorship more when it shelters children from learning indecent things in the world that could cause danger to themselves or the others around them (Pillai, Prabhakar ). But censorship is not always good like when it is used in school’s or in books; bu t censorship can be helpful when it is used on theRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship2149 Words   |  9 PagesThey say third times a charm, here’s hoping. I will mention this again, I don’t want to feel that I have to censor what I writing, so the whole enchilada is going to be laid out on the table. Issues are always going to come up with any type of relationship, so for me when they do, you discuss and address them. I would have liked to have rung you and said â€Å"Hey Paul, I need to pop over and have a chat with you, there’s a few things I need to get off my chest and sort out with you†. Crystal clear,Read MoreThe Importance Of Censorship In Schools1085 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship is a threat to our intellectual freedom. However, many support the idea that books should be banned from schools. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the freedom of speech and press. The freedom of speech includes the freedom to have unrestricted access to information. Yet throughout history, the movement against banning books usually falls into three categories: political, moral, and religious. With these disputes in mind, we will discuss the reasons we needRead MoreThe Importance Of Internet Censorship1378 Words   |  6 PagesInternet Censorship The Internet has become a growing source of entertainment and information over the past years. As more and more people become familiar with the Internet, the potential of its contents grows rapidly, at an uncontrollable rate. With something such as the Internet, which contains virtually an infinite amount of space, more is being added than taken away. Therefore with the growing amount of users, the content grows as well. Different people use the Internet for different things withRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship On The Internet1558 Words   |  7 PagesGovernment and Politics October 30 2017 Censorship The internet is a vast database that allows for the entire world to be connected. However most people while surfing the internet have come across a censored page, or a website saying that this site has been â€Å"legally† blocked by the government. Censorship is defined as the suppression or prohibition of free speech by preventing a person from saying what they want to say. Typically in modern society, censorship takes place on the internet when certainRead MoreImportance Of Censorship In Society1406 Words   |  6 PagesCensorship is beneficial to our nation because it keeps harmful activity out of children’s minds, protects our country, and prevents children from seeing offensive language, while censorship is also harmful to our culture because it invades privacy. I believe censorship is necessary, especially in the social media world we live in today. Censorship is the suppression or prohibition of any parts of books, films, news, etc. that are considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to securityRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship In Libraries728 Words   |  3 PagesCensorship is a huge thing within todays society, Censorship in libraries is when a school board, a parent, or just anyone challenges a book that is explicit with sexual language, homosexuality, and or religion. The meaning of censorship is to ban a book, its not necessarily up to the library, but more so to the community and the school board. Anyone can challenge a book to be censored, even if it’s not explicit, if you personally take offense to a book you can challenge it to be a censored orRead MoreThe Importance Of Media Censorship1013 Words   |  5 Pagesprovided with immediate, accurate and uncensored information. Media censorship has become a greater deal now than it ever was in centuries, because of globalization and the increasing interdependence among other nations has made censorship more harm than any good. Censorship often prevents other perspectives and point of views from being presented and in censorship or censored media and not everyones voices hurt.Media censorship limits a persons understanding, knowledge, and awareness. Which canRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship Of Written Books1890 Words   |  8 Pages2010). Censorship of written words has been around as long as any type of written or verbal words have been around. Religion has and still it the most frequent reason for the censorship. For example, in 14th the century, censorship was exercised, as reading the Wycliffe Bible was forbidden by the clergy. The reason was that the church feared that this translation had corrupted or misinterpreted the original text of the Bible. It wasn’t just Biblical or spiritual texts that early censorship was placed

Renaissance Art A New System Of Astronomy, Exploration...

Renaissance Art is a large portion of the art we look at and get inspired by today, but where and who did it come from? Many things were developed such as the printing press, a new system of astronomy, exploration of continents. Also accompanied by the advancements in philosophy, literature, and especially art. Painting, sculptures, and decorative arts identified with the Renaissance emerged from Italy in the 14th century. Renaissance art is an expression of Greco-Roman traditions, is captured the beauty and mystery of the natural world. The French word â€Å"Renaissance† means â€Å"Rebirth†, it fits because the Renaissance is the rebirth of the Greco-Roman culture. The origins of Renaissance art can be traced to Italy in the 13th and 14th century. This was the â€Å"proto-renaissance†period which got its inspiration from Franciscan radicalism. Italian Scholars and artist thought of themselves to be reawakening the ideals of classical Roman culture through their literature and art. The most famous artist of the proto-Renaissance was Giotto di Bondone. He made large advancements in making the human body look realistic in his art. The proto Renaissance was plagued with disease and war, causing it not to emerge again till the beginning of the 14th century. In 1401 sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti won a major competition to design new bronze doors for the Cathedral of Florence, beating out many talented artist such as architect Filippo Brunelleschi and young Donatello. This was a major startingShow MoreRelatedThe Transition Of Medieval And Modern Times1235 Words   |  5 Pagesanxious to get out. The Renaissance began, and art emerged to create a brighter society. During the Reformation, the country shifted away from the Roman Catholic Church, and many Protestant religions emerged. The Scientific Revolution also marked a change in medical to modern by creating new ways to look at the world and mathematics. The Age of Discovery marked yet another change in Medical to modern Europe when new technologies emerged in order to navigate around the world. Along with many otherRead MoreThe Renaissance Period1577 Words    |  7 PagesThe Renaissance The Renaissance period was between 1400-1600 century. It began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe. The Renaissance time is were self paintings mostly came from. In most of the painting the people were nude. They started making the painting 3D. There are many things about the Renaissance. Renaissance means born a new. The concept enshrined in the world of Renaissance is actually one of rebirth. It was considered the beginning of modern history. The High Renaissance was fromRead MoreThe Renaissance Period1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Renaissance Sides 1 The Renaissance period was between 1400-1600 century. It began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe. The Renaissance time is were self paintings mostly came from. In most of the painting the people were nude. They started making the painting 3D. There are many things about the Renaissance. Renaissance means born a new. The concept enshrined in the world of Renaissance is actually one of rebirth. It was considered the beginning of modern history. The High RenaissanceRead MoreThe Renaissance in Europe1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe significance of the word Renaissance is rebirth or a regeneration of a period. This period was called the Middle Ages and it began during the fourteenth century. The Renaissance was mainly characterized for the development of learning and thinking. This period also distinguished the discovery and exploration of new continents, system of astronomy, the growth of commerce, and the innovations of paper, printing, compass, art, literature, math and science . During this period, it was primarily theRead MoreThe Importance Of The Renaissance And Why Is It Important?1965 Words   |  8 Pages What is the Renaissance and Why is it Important? â€Å"In Discussion: The Renaissance† â€Å"What a piece of work is a man! . . . in form and moving how express and admirable! In action how like an angel.† –William Shakespeare, from Hamlet. At the core of Pater s study of the Renaissance lies the maxim l art pour l art, or art for art s sake. Originally championed by nineteenth-century French aesthetes, this notion of art as an end in itself helped shape Pater s conception of a life dedicated to aestheticRead MoreHistory and Its Effects on the Future2143 Words   |  9 Pagesand this is clearly present throughout the later Middle Ages all the way to the 18th century. The achievements of this time period in religion, exploration, science, culture, and arts are some of the most important achievements throughout history. In the 1400s the demand for foreign trade and goods was at a high for Europeans. Voyagers traveled to new lands such as the coast of Africa to pursue gold and to also find an alternative route to India and China because of the Ottoman Empire, which wasRead MoreAbu al-Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruri Essay2360 Words   |  10 PagesPersian-Khwarezmian Muslim scholar and polymath. He was born in 973 and his contributions to science made him one of the greatest Muslim scientists and astronomers. He was well versed in physics, mathematics, geography, history, ethnography, anthropology and astronomy. During his time of becoming a great polymath, he survived some unusual political changes such as change of six princes. There is not enough information about his early life available but from what it is known; khwarezm was located beyond â€Å"Amu Darya†Read More`` That s Humanism !, By Stephen Fry1256 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"perfect† invisible world beyond the reality of the human conscious (Rom. 12:1-3). Humanist are convinced that the â€Å"scientific method are the only appropriate instruments for discovering truth,† reason, and intelligence are the most effective mechanisms for the â€Å"development of the human mind† (Goulding 34), and a society that is found in â€Å"autonomy† (man’s law) (â€Å"Humanism† 2007). The conflict between the Roman Catholic Church and science began, historically, during the age of exploration, commonly knownRead MoreAge of Enlightenment and Century5169 Words   |  21 Pagesï » ¿ ADVANCED PLACEMENT ESSAY QUESTIONS RENAISSANCE 1. 77: To what extent and in what ways may the Renaissance be regarded as a turning point in the Western intellectual and cultural tradition? 2. 81: Compare the ways in which two works of art reproduced below express the artistic, philosophical and cultural values of their times. (Pictures of Michelangelo s David and Giacometti s Man Pointing 1947). 3. 82: CompareRead MoreEssay about 17th Century Culture2079 Words   |  9 Pageslike in Spain during the reign of Kings Phillip II and III† (Taylor 101). On the other side of the world in Japan, â€Å"Kabuki emerged as a genre of drama, dance, and music that combined elements of à ©lite and vernacular culture that† (Taylor 86) is still very popular in Japanese culture today. Kabuki performances are considered a philosophical and humorous art that takes years of training in dramatic arts and dance to learn the mature styles rich in a distinct heritage. Another Japanese style of expression

The City Creating a Sense of a Place Free Essays

A few miles south of central London, the gentle flow of an open sewer runs deep and green, glistening ever so closely to Green Park, pattering on at its own tranquil pace, before reaching off into the distance. On one side of this unappealing canal, the golden walls of the council flats reach on until clashing with the lively air of the vibrant city, but on the park side, the bank lined with shrubs- fresh and green with every spring, carry in their lower leaf junctures the reminder of the debris of the stormy winds; and broken bottles gleaming in the morning sun, tall dark weeds with their whittled leaves as a testimony to their harsh life. On the sandy bank under the bushes the leaves lie so crisp that even a rat makes a great skittering noise if he were to run across them. We will write a custom essay sample on The City: Creating a Sense of a Place or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gangsters came out in the evening, all of them looking frightened and panicky while looking around constantly as if they were expecting something bad to happen, once they’re happy warm streets soon start teeming with the activity that can only be found in such an able community. The ladies of the nights hurrying along to their corners, their high heals clattering with every step. They leave a lingering scent of cheap perfume and their adventures of the night before. Each inhabitant looked as though they belonged no place but there. Suddenly the shady streets burst with the melodic roar of street life; the gentle sirens in the back ground, the arguing of neighbours that have become almost mandatory in this little place, the roar of the cars as they sped past and the sound of their horns when trapped like a corned beast, the incessant dog barking, the booming music with its heavy bass filling the streets and the wind whistling through the gaps in the buildings. There is a road leading past the bushes and through the park, driven rough by boys coming out of the nearby college, their wheels screeching like a tortured cat as they make their way to the city centre, and driven hastily by bureaucrats coming down from the adjacent office block to spend a night in the pub and drink away their guilty life. In front of the low horizontal limb of a giant sycamore nearby to this pub, there is a bench that’s been worn down after many drunken nights; the bench’s paint is worn by the many tramps that have spent night after night on it, the many drunks passing out on it and just your average common vandal looking to leave their mark in the crumbling neighbourhood, a desperate attempt to get some attention from the uncaring world. The evening of a hot day started with little wind, moving among the people, creating the effect of a Mediterranean bar. The shade climbed up the street towards the end. Outside the pub lone drunks sat noisily, like little grey sculptured stones, passers by hurriedly avoiding the stench of stale beer and urine. Then from the highway came the sound of sirens on a busy road, the drunks looked worriedly around, few even scattering into the shadows not wanting to be the one pulled away for a minor infringement of the law. Out of one of the flats a frightened kid hurried down the road and around the corner, fleeing from the familiar sound of â€Å"BOY, does your mother know you’re out? † For a moment the place was lifeless, nothing was moving and there was an eerie stillness. Gradually two police cars emerged from the distance, creeping towards the pub only to pull up next to the park bench. Two policemen get out then pompously and arrogantly make their way to the pub while meeting the gazes of the nearby onlookers and revelling in the effect they had on the innocent drinkers. Everyone stirred, whether they were guiltily looking into their glasses or starting up a false conversation, they were all thinking the same thing, going over in their head all the crimes they had committed in their life, wondering about their innocence. Then, before the cops could even order a drink, a group of gangsters, covered from head to toe in black clothes, suddenly emerged from the shadows, their gold chains glittering in the dim light. They met eyes with the cops. There were a few moments when no-one moved before there was a crash as the cops outside table was overturned and used as temporary cover. Almost simultaneously, the gangsters dived behind some bushes surrounding the nearby park bench. The pubs customers were stunned in awe, they did not realise what was going on until the first piercing gunshot entered their ears, immediately followed by a blood curling feminine scream that lasted for only a few seconds before disappearing into the mixture of blood, gunshots and terrified yelps. At first neither side was giving in despite the incredible amount of frenzied bystanders. After a few moments of chaos people started stampeding and fighting with each other to get inside first. A mother tried to shield her baby in a pushchair as she ran for cover. A teenager films it with his phone from behind a bush hoping for the fame that usually preceded such events. No one is sure how long it lasted but all that was left was the bodies of the dead, the cries of the wounded and two extremely proud looking cops. No one dared to speak or even move, they rather just lay there, motionlessly. Then almost as if they knew their cue, birds started chirping and a gust of wind started blowing. And for a brief moment the chaos that had just consumed this little street subsided. How to cite The City: Creating a Sense of a Place, Papers

Research Strategies for Small Business Tourism MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Research Strategies for Small Business Tourism. Answer: Introduction In the recent past, young entrepreneurs have had myriad of huddles and challenges in their various enterprises. This has made it very difficult for majority these businesses to realize their expansion objectives (Romano, 2009). The major contributing factor to this situation is the flooding of the market by many business operations which deal in one line. This therefore has led to stiff competition being witnessed in the market (Mowlana, 2003). This cut-throat competition has compelled young businesses to develop mitigation strategies that can allow them survive in the market amidst the prevailing unfavorable conditions. Businesses may decide to resort to internal or external ways to face the problems in the market the major one being competition. Internal ways may include reducing their human resource so as to cut down on expenses such as salaries and wages and instead use the difference in product awareness (March, 2009). Others revert to external measures such as hitting campaign trails about their products and services in areas they think the product is not quite known. Apart from this the businesses use the electronic media, print media and social sites to market their products. And the games becomes doing what your competitor does to the customers better or even do what your competitor is not doing so as to cut the edge well above contemporary businesses (Kotler, 2012). In the city of victoria is a small business enterprise that owns a farm and also manufactures wine. The business venture is known as Grivellia Ridge Company. It has not been an exception as it has also faced the wrath of competition in an equal measure just as other businesses. Since its establishment in the town Grivellia Company has enjoyed broad customer base due to its high quality wine and good customer service. However, it the recent month, the company has realized that there is a paradigm shift. Many of its clients who used to patronize the outlet are no longer seen. The company believed that this was an indication that there are very strong competitors who have entered into the wine business and are doing better than them. For this reason, the company resorted to serious marketing and sales strategies that could see them reclaim their lost status. The strategies included remarketing their products and services afresh in Victoria town and other towns within the region such as SA, VIC, QLD and NSW. To lure customers, they offered after sales services such as bearing the transportation cost for those customers that bought goods in bulk. They also extended credit discounts in certain months. For example in the month of February, the company was giving a discount of 15% to all its customers who bought goods during that month. An online platform was also created by the company so that its loyal customers could get updates in their smartphones regarding various offers that the company could be having at particular times. All these were mitigation strategies to help the company remain competitive in the market. Figure 1 above is a graphical representation of the number of products that were bought before marketing and other strategies were done and prices of the products after. In all the products, the number after were always higher than the number that was bought before doing campaigns. The most bought product and which had a great difference between the two periods of time is 2016 pinot grigio. The quantity bought was about 225. The lowest differences were observed in single vineyard 2014 chardonnay and 2015 pinot. According to the pie chart above, it can be seen that customers who got discount on prices were many compared to those who did not enjoy any price discount. Seventy one percent (71%) received the discount while twenty nine percent (29%) did not enjoy any discount. It is very clear from the results presented by the graph above that the quantity of cases purchased on discount were far much more (681) than those that were not purchased on discount (117). The pie chart above indicates that majority (61%) of those who buy from them come from Victoria. This is followed by 21% who hail from NSW. The least number (1%) hailed from QLD. The reason for carrying out this short research by Grivellia Ridge Company was so as to determine if the marketing campaigns the conducted about their products and services had an impact. To be able to determine the impact, elements such as increase in the sales volume were taken into account. This increase was realized by comparing the sales volume before and after marketing. It is common to realize an increase in the sales especially after a rigorous marketing exercise. This was the case with Grivellia Ridge Company which experienced an increase in the sales volume. The evidence to this are confirmed by figure 3 in the results section where the quantity of cases bought on discount was far much higher (681) than those that were not discounted (117). This short study had factors that led to the results being the way they are. Other than these there are other factors which the study could not analyze such as the geographical positioning of other cities in the region in relation to Victoria where the company is situated. Due to the distance, the prices of the commodities might be a little higher due to the cost of transportation. This in turn causes the demand for various brands of wine to go down thereby reducing their sales volume. The contrary to this fact is also true. The other factor could be government policies which are always strict on alcohol and its affiliate products. This makes the company incur more expenses and passes the same to consumers and this tend to discourage the customers hence low sales volume. Conclusion If the results of this study are anything to go by, then companies experiencing various challenges in the market such as low sales volume and stiff competition should try to go the Grivellia Ridge Company way since it is a testimony that robust marketing campaign can lead to positive impact. This positive impact can be manifested in the increase in sales volume among others. This study therefore recommends that the more resources be added towards marketing so as to increase awareness and therefore increasing the level of sales. References Romano, C. (2009), ``Research strategies for small business: a case study'', International Small Business Journal, Vol. 7 No. 4, pp. 35-43. Mowlana, H. and Smith, G. (2003), ``Tourism in a global context: the case of frequent traveler programs'', Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 33 No. 3, pp. 20-27. March, R. (2009), ``Tourism marketing myopia'', Tourism Management, Vol. 15 No. 6, pp. 411-15 Kotler, P. (2012), Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

AtekPC Project Management Office

Introduction Implementation of projects becomes a challenge in most companies especially if not well planned and hence the need of adopting project management office (PMO). The PMO department is concerned with the processes relating to project management within a company, playing a huge role in defining and maintaining the standards of the particular process. Advertising We will write a custom report sample on AtekPC Project Management Office specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For a PMO implementation to be successful, it should follow the correct set process, possess the right tools and resources and have experienced human resource behind working on it. With the challenges facing the personal computer challenges, AtekPC Company needs to initiate and implement projects to upgrade its information technology sector to deal with the challenges. Purpose and Mission Of Project Management Office The main reason for the need of PMO in Atek PC was to provide a standardized platform to manage the projects and to plan the processes of the initiatives. The main reason of resulting to PMO was due to the fact that the previous projects the Company has implemented did not have lasting results in formalization of practices. The purpose and mission of PMO can vary widely depending on the organization’s structure, project success and experience, available staff and the overall support of project management. The main purpose and mission of PMO include the following (Hill, 2007); Allocate funding for the project after its review and approval. Come up with developed standard processes and tools for the project. Establish the favorable practice methodology to apply in the project. Develop and enhance similar language and expectations. Employ project staff to work on the projects and manage them centrally. To provide training facilities for the staff to increase the management skills required to undertake the project at hand . Manage the project’s priorities and governing structure. Challenges and Obstacles In Implementation Of PMO According to Rad and Ginger (2002), launching a PMO just like any other project should be approached cautiously with a set plan to avoid failure. The main challenge faced when implementing PMO is the ability to achieve the main goal of delivering projects on time, on a fixed budget and within the set time line. This is mainly a problem if other projects which have been set up have failed to last as expected. Another challenge likely to be faced during implementation is the cultural difference in the company. Being an organization which is not been PM-based, it will be difficult to bring in a new project easily. This means that the introduction of Project Management Office will most likely face opposition due to cultural differences. Lack of knowledge of how to operate the Project Management Office software may pose as a challenge too in addition to the cultural chall enge. This is especially if there are many projects at hand that need to be handled using PMO and the staff is not well equipped with the necessary tools and experience during the implementation.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The other challenge is the ability to acquire an insight of the project going on in the company. The other challenge is the failure to support methodology needed to implement the PMO especially due to lack of necessary requirements. Financial management may pose a challenge when launching PMO and lack of effective tools necessary. Communication breakdown can also pose as a challenge during the implementation stage. Structures and Governance Mechanisms During PMO Implementation Setting up PMO as earlier said is no easy task and mechanisms should be put in place to ensure its success. AtekPC need to adopt some of the mechanisms necessary during the imp lementation process. One important mechanism is for the company to establish the scope and role of PMO (Hallows, 2002). A PMO plays different roles in different organizations. It is therefore important to hold consultations with key stakeholders of the organization to establish how and where PMO will be adopted into the organization. The other mechanism is reviewing any existing projects and ability levels to spot needs. This is necessary as one of the incentives for launching PMO is determined by the history of projects which have totally failed or are under-performing. By reviewing the projects, the company will be sure to fill in the gaps by identifying the necessary skills and abilities required to be addressed through the PMO. The other important mechanism is to plan the PMO implementation according to wants. It is necessary for the company to first establish the mission and purpose that PMO will play in the company before implementing it. Once the role has been identified, a P MO implementation plan can then be set up. The other mechanism is setting up established procedures and processes. This is a mechanism that requires documentation of certain issues depending on the range of the PMO. Documentation needed may include project approval papers, recruitment and funding management documentations. Documentation need to be properly drafted within the required scope and timeline to avoid unnecessary mistakes during implementation (Parrinder, 2001).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on AtekPC Project Management Office specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More PMO review is another mechanism that should be adopted. It is important to review the PMO constantly as per the company changes over time. This requires effective communication with the executive to be maintained in order to be aware of the current affairs of the company that are relevant to projects at hand. Project Management Office Support Our project paper will then determine how much PMO support is enough PMO support and further, how much PM is enough in an organization. Statistics indicate that over 85% of all planned projects in a company fail to succeed due to many factors such as failure to meet deadlines, budget constraint and in most cases lack of effective program management (Flannes and Levin, 2005). The staff behind these projects may not entirely to be blamed but the management support put in place to ensure project success. PMO support ensures that the projects are in place to back the business projects. However, for the PMO support to be enough, there are key issues that need to be considered for effective PMO support. One of the key issues is the importance of Project Management Body of Knowledge certification that breaks down the project into different processes. The combination of Project Management Body of Knowledge and Project Management Office support creates a strong and effective project managemen t plans. The other important key issue is to cultivate a team environment when hiring PMO support. This ensures that the players in the project are put on the same team and they are able to understand their roles and responsibilities in the project. Conclusion Companies which have underway projects should adopt the project management office to ensure successful completion of projects. PMO ensures efficiency on time management, make sure that the company works on the set budget and that the staff working on the projects receive experience through trainings. References Flannes, S. and Levin, G. (2005). Essential People Skills for Project Managers. Michigan: International Journal of Project Management.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hallows, J. (2002). The Project Management Office Toolkit. USA: AMACOM Div American Management Assn. Hill, G. (2007). The Complete Project Management Office Handbook. USA: Auerbach Publications. Parrinder, M. (2001). The Virtual Project Management Office. United States: Hamlyn Publishing Group Rad, P. and Ginger, L. (2002). The Advanced Project Management Office: a comprehensive look at function and implementation. New York: St. Lucie Press. This report on AtekPC Project Management Office was written and submitted by user Alison Carroll to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Dakosaurus - Facts and Figures

Dakosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Dakosaurus (Greek for tearing lizard); pronounced DACK-oh-SORE-us Habitat: Shallow seas of Eurasia and North and South America Historical Period: Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (150-130 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 15 feet long and 1,000-2,000 pounds Diet: Fish, squids and marine reptiles Distinguishing Characteristics: Dinosaur-like head; primitive rear flippers About Dakosaurus Like its close relatives Metriorhynchus and Geosaurus, Dakosaurus was technically a prehistoric crocodile, even if this fierce marine reptile was more reminiscent of the mosasaurs that appeared tens of millions of years later. But unlike other metriorhynchids, as these sea-going crocodiles are called, Dakosaurus looked like it was assembled out of the bits and pieces of other animals: its head resembled that of a terrestrial theropod dinosaur, while its long, clumsy, leg-like hind flippers pointed to a creature only partly evolved beyond its terrestrial origins. Overall, it seems unlikely that Dakosaurus was a particularly fast swimmer, though it was clearly just speedy enough to prey on its fellow marine reptiles, not to mention assorted fish and squids. For a marine reptile, Dakosaurus has an unusually long pedigree. The type species of the genus, initially mistaken for a specimen of Geosaurus, was named way back in 1856, and before that scattered Dakosaurus teeth were mistaken for those of the terrestrial dinosaur Megalosaurus. However, the real buzz about Dakosaurus began in the late 1980s, when a new species, Dakosaurus andiniensis, was discovered in the Andes Mountains of South America. One D. andiniensis skull discovered in 2005 was so large and fearsome that it was dubbed Godzilla by the excavating team, one paleontologist going on record as saying that this dinosaur-like reptile represented the most drastic evolutionary change in the history of marine crocodiles.

Studying Abroad Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Studying Abroad - Research Paper Example First of all, studying abroad is the best way of studying the foreign language. The most effective way to study the language is to plunge into the culture, which speaks the language you learn. Students are surrounded with the language on a daily basis, seeing and hearing it in an appropriate cultural context. In such conditions language can be learned fast. Moreover, studying abroad provides the chance to travel. Days off and academic breaks allow to go outside and investigate the environment. As studying abroad often makes the students move to other continents, they are much closer to places, which they would never visit otherwise. Some more structured programs of studying abroad even include excursions in the program. Studying abroad allows to get acquainted with other culture first-hand. Cultural distinctions mean more, than simply distinctions in language, food, personal habits. The culture of a personality reflects very deeply perceptions, belief and values, which influence the way of life and how a person looks at the world. â€Å"Study abroad generated a statistically significant positive effect on intercultural competence; an effect that appears to be general rather than conditional. Moreover, both covariate adjustment and propensity score matching methods generated similar results† (Hungerford Salisbury 2). Now not only the foreign students come to the United States to study but also vice versa. Table 2 shows the statistics of American students studying abroad (see Table 1) Studying abroad can provide students with good life experience. Plunged in absolutely new cultural environment, they become afraid at first sight, but it is interesting as well. It gives the chance to reveal new forces and abilities, to win new horizons and to solve new problems. Students face situations, which are completely unfamiliar for them and they will learn to adapt and react in the most effective ways. Studying abroad provides the chance to make

Rich and Poor by Peter Singer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rich and Poor by Peter Singer - Essay Example It is therefore there could not be any possibility of comparing the level of deprivations between the two culturally and economically pole-apart zones of the globe. The rich nations, according to the author, spend millions of dollars in feeding their pets, while they are unable to realize the bitter fact that by doing so, they are adding their share in respect of depriving the millions of humans of adequate food and proper nutrition. Although, the animals should not be deprived of the food, yet humans must be considered at first stance in order to make the world healthy, productive and beneficial one for the collective benevolence and progress of humanity at large. The affluent do not acknowledge the sufferings of the extremely poor and downtrodden nations, which neither do have any access to purchase seeds and fertilizers for their fields nor can they grow grains and other crops properly to feed their people subsequently. As a result, hunger, diseases, crimes, and deprivations domin ate these meager and underprivileged regions of the globe, and a large number of people leads their lives amidst the drab, dull and dismal dance of illness, hunger, scarcity, illiteracy and high mortality. The author looks to be capturing the attention of the affluent nations by awakening them from their deep sleep of negligence and indifference from their duties and obligations towards their fellow humans. The affluent are, according to Singer, so much absorbed in their everyday chores and personal and professional activities that they pay almost no heed to the miseries of others, which is equivalent to a grave abandonment in the light of moral values and ethical law. Although, the statutes of law do not impose any bar or restriction on the negligence, witnessed by the affluent, yet the principles of morality and justice certainly regard such an act as perversion and offense on the part of the rich and well-to-do towards the downtrodden strata in general. It is partly due to the ve ry reality that the rich do not have to sacrifice anything for supporting or feeding the deprived ones; on the contrary, they just have to consume few dollars from the extra amount of their income for the financial and social uplift of the poor. Hence, spending something, from their surplus wealth, Singer asserts, for the cause of humanity, as well as to combat with the awkward clutches of poverty, serves as an essential moral obligation of the wealthy and prosperous individuals, communities and nations of the world. The author stresses upon the eradication of the misconception that little contribution for the cause of helping the starving would not be the effective one to challenge the ugly and enormous face of poverty, as tiny drops of help and support to the deprived strata, would become a huge ocean of help for defeating the large-scale starvation, hunger and diseases with an iron hand. Though such contributions would not offer a high-quality life to the poor, yet they would cer tainly be beneficial in pulling them out from the whirlpool of hunger by fulfilling their basic needs.

Political economic organization and the production of generalized Essay

Political economic organization and the production of generalized market relations - Essay Example Marx introduces absolute and relative surplus value. Absolute surplus value is obtained through lengthening their work hours; on the other hand, relative surplus value is obtained by increasing labor productivity through mechanization. Marx criticizes such mechanization depersonalizes the production process and accelerates over-accumulation for capitalists (Marx 221). As new technology increases productivity, the necessary labor time is supposed to be shortened. In reality, however, shorter necessary labor time turned out more surplus labor time which is extra time over the necessary labor time to generate capitalists’ profits. It is attributed to the idea that capitalists purchased fixed-working hours. b) Explain how ever-increasing productivity can be a problem for capitalists, using the concepts of socially necessary labor time and the organic composition of capital. In order to pursue higher surplus labor time, capitalists keep re-investing its capital being generated thro ugh surplus labor time in inventing new technology. It spurs more surplus labor time and less socially necessary labor time, which in turn accelerates larger over-accumulation and lower organic composition of capital. ... such competitions pursuing cheapening products, larger capitalists beat smaller capitalists since such price competition depends largely on the productivity of labor, hence dependence on the scale of production (Marx 777). Smaller capitalists are unable to update machineries as frequently as large capitalists are able to. It generates monopolistic market, and smaller capitalists beaten by larger capitalists turn into working-class. Considering these facts, no one can absorb a large amount of production that winner capitalists generated. c) Using specific historical examples from lecture and/or readings, describe how time-space compression and mass consumption have been mobilized to mitigate the problems described in (b) It is apparent that increased production has to go hand in hand with increased consumption in order to avoid problems associated with over production. It is believed that rapid deployment of new organizational forms and technologies was part of the contributing factor s of overproduction. In this regard, such measures were needed in order to have speedy consumption. Improved systems of communication and information flow made it easier and possible to circulate commodities within a greater speed. For example, the growth in the US in the 19th century saw new techniques of for moving products. International marketing for US manufacturers started. This did not only help lower the unit cost and efficient return on investment, but also helped to reduce cost of working and fixed capital. By integrating mass production with mass distribution, a single enterprise involved in many transactions and processes involved in making and selling products. This was in line with mobilization of fashion in mass as opposed to elite markets. In addition, there was continued

Gender Differences in Personality

Gender Differences in Personality With relevant theory and research evidence, critically discuss the view that there are gender differences in personality One’s sex, or biological reproductive chances, can be seen as a discrete component to one’s gender, or their psychological perception of themselves used for identification (Phares, 1991). These perceptions of gender differences can be extremely influential from an early age, as seen in Rubin, Provenzano and Luria (1974) study examining the gender-role stereotype labels parents place on their children from a young age. Girls were described as ‘cute’ or ‘sweet’ whereas boys were described as ‘stronger’, both gender specific traits, even though the babies were almost identical in weight, height and activity. Gender differences can be predominantly seen in personality and have been apparent since ancient civilizations. Monuments would depict essentially feminine or masculine characteristics, females were originally viewed as ‘incomplete’ or imperfect males, and these ideologies persisted for years with reinforcement from p hilosophers such as Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas (Friedman Schustack, 2009). Personality, defined by Holt (2012), is the ‘distinct and enduring way in which we perceive and behave in life situations’. The view of differences in personality gender traits can confirm the defined enduring nature, with the female assuming an expressive role, directed towards nurturing and caring tendencies. The male takes on an instrumental role, exerting dominance and competitiveness (Parsons, 1955). However, it is reasonable to question and explore how these gender differences can be measured, the theories behind them and whether female and male traits can really be distinguished into two separate categories in today’s society. The Five Factor Model (McCrae and Costa, 2003) is a trait approach that has attempted to identify and measure gender personality traits. They distinguish women as scoring higher in neuroticism and agreeableness, whereas men scored higher on some aspects of openness and extraversion, such as openness to ideas and excitement seeking. However neither gender scored significantly on conscientiousness (Chapman, Duberstein, SÃ ¶rensen Lyness, 2007). Other trait approaches have endeavoured to classify masculine and feminine traits as multi-dimensional and overlapping. For example the Bem Sex Role Inventory classifies individuals to feminine, masculine, undifferentiated and androgynous (expressing both female and male traits) categories (Bem, 1974). Sexual behaviour and emotion has also been studied to a great extent to help further differentiate between gender differences in personality. Schmitt, Shackelford and Buss (2001) stated that men prefer short-term sexual relations with many partn ers, compared to women who prefer one stable partner over a long period of time. This can be seen in Clark and Hatfield (1989) findings where 3 out of 4 male students would enthusiastically agree to a one night stand compared to none of the women accepting the offer. Holt et al (2012) also state that when looking for a partner, men would seek a younger woman, whereas women prefer older and ‘well to do’ men. These are all gender specific differences in personality that can be explained by gender difference theories. Firstly, biological effects on sex have been suggested to have a major influence on gender personality and behaviour. In terms of genetic influence, the prenatal stage of foetus development can be manipulated to affect gender-specific traits when born, such as higher levels of aggression. Parsons (1980) exposed animal male and female embryos to androgens, the male hormone, during early prenatal development. After birth, both sexes produced higher levels of aggressive play compared to animals not exposed, which suggests the presence of male hormones had an influence on the physical development and personality of the foetus. This supports the idea that aggression can be seen to be predominantly a ‘male trait’ in Reinisch and Sanders (1986) findings. Male and female participants were asked to rate themselves on their physical and verbal aggression. Even though both sexes reported similar verbal aggression, males reported much higher demonstrations of physical aggression. Ho wever, this is not always the case, as Feshbach (1969) work describes, females largely exclude and reject newcomers compared to males, which is a form of indirect aggression, suggesting the cognitive intent of the aggression presented by females may be further internalised, compared to the outward aggressive display be males. This biological view to gender differences in personality can be related to the evolutionary perspective that males and females are genetically adapted for successful reproduction and preservation of their genes. Evolutionary pressures led to natural selection that created fundamentally different gender roles to promote survival (Shaffer, 2009). Males needed to seek as many partners as possible to ‘spread’ their gene, whilst females needed to avoid wasting their short reproductive opportunities by finding a mate that will protect and provide. This in turn created the gender roles seen today including masculine traits in their personality such as co mpetitiveness, assertiveness and aggression, compared to feminine traits such as nurturing, kindness and gentleness (Geary, 1999). Furthermore, Buss (1995) describes male superiority in visual spatial performance as skills gained from natural selection due to their advantage for hunting, killing and providing for the family. The evolutionary theory can be seen in sex differences in the personality trait jealousy, for example Buss, Larsen, Western and Semmelroth (1992) found that men portray more jealousy over the idea of their partner sleeping with another male, compared to women who present more jealousy over the idea of their partner being in love with another woman. Males don’t want the risk of providing resources for a child that may not be theirs, whilst women don’t want their mate to abandon them and leave them with nothing. However, these evolutionary differences in gender personality are not always consistent. Buss (2003) found that some women instead like to e ngage in casual sex with multiple partners because experience has resulted in securing better genes and better resources. This consistency between both sexes therefore leads to question whether females and males really do have specific differences, and suggests socialisation and learned experiences may have more of an impact on gender differences than biology. The Behaviourist approach to gender differences suggests that social learning has created gender-typed personality characteristics. Through operant learning, modelling, observation and classical learning, children develop gender- typed traits that can be used for identification and as a primary socialiser (Bandura Bussey, 2004). For example Henley (1977) describes operant conditioning in a little girl called jenny. Her mother tells jenny off for dirtying her party clothes, and praises her for showing passive and gentle characteristics, which are all reinforcements. Moreover, Peters father wrestles with peter, watches football games with him and promotes more aggressive behaviour, teaching and confirming to peter that these are the traits a male should portray. Repetti (1984) further explains how these gender traits are reflected in the types of toys children are given to play with. Girls were found to be given female orientated toys such as dolls, whereas boys were given masculine t oys such as cars or guns, reflecting the gender-typed personality traits. Also, Maccoby and Wilson (1957) studied the orientation towards same-sex role models in children. They found after the children had watched a film presenting interactions between opposite sex characters, the children recalled more information about the character that mirrored their own sex. The children’s memories had a ‘sex-linked’ quality. However, it could be suggested that socialisation is not a successful theory in determining gender differences in personality. Friedman and Schustack (2009) describe the David Reimer case, where a child, who was born a boy, was brought up and socialised to be a girl after a circumcision went wrong. David was given hormones and was taught to be caring, nurturing and take on a feminine role. However when David reached his teenage year he returned to his male identity, after what he described as an unhappy and ‘misleading’ childhood. Money and Ehrhardt (1972) insist that socialisation is still primary to gender assignment, as their research findings of androgenized girls suggest that before 18 months of age, it is possible to bring up a child as the opposite gender because the child hasn’t ‘internalised’ the gender at that age. However ‘failure’ to correctly socialise gender can still be seen today. Friedman Schucstack (2009) outline Dr. Joan Roughgarden case. She was born a boy and lived 52 years of her life as one. She was socialised to be masculine and had the biological make up of a boy, despite always seeing herself as a girl, and consequently ended up having a sex change. These findings suggest that human gender personality cannot solely be reliant on socialisation, however they do suggest that there still are differences within gender traits and socialisation advocates what traits each gender ‘should’ portray. The significance of different gender traits in gender socialisation is part of the explanation for gender schemas incorporated in the cognitive approach to gender differences. The gender schema theory suggests that culture and socialisation provide organised mental structures that help understanding of the way in which a male or female should behave and think (Bem, 1981). Gender schemas act as cognitive filters to help humans depict gender relevant material, and to use it in everyday life. For example Deaux and Major (1987) describe these cognitive filters being activated by each gender as females enter a beauty salon and males enter a car repair shop. Again, gender differences can be seen to be realistic and apparent. Nevertheless, the theories above do not explain concisely why there are female and male traits in personality. An Integrative theory could be used to see how biology, social-learning and cognitive developmental can overlap and contribute equally to gender differences. This theory suggests that different processes are important at different stages of development. As Halpern (1997) suggests, the prenatal stage consists of biological gender processes developing physically. Birth to three years consists largely of social learning about gender differences and gender schema comes in at three to six years of age. This theory shows a dynamic and interpretive way in which gender traits can be developed and distinguished. On the other hand, all these theories do not take in to account cross cultural differences, individual findings and the growing concept that gender differences all together may be disappearing. Sue and Sue (1999) suggest that African American families, compared to white American families, are observed to be matriarchal, where the mother of the family is the head decision maker. These findings suggest that what would be considered as ‘masculine’ traits can be seen presented in women. Mead (1935) observed differences between two New Guinea people, where in one group, both sexes would display certain considered ‘female traits’ of nurturing and caring, and both sexes of the other group would display certain male trait characteristics such as aggressiveness. These trait findings are opposite to what would be expected to be found in western culture and can suggest that gender traits are not as specific and defined as first thought. Research also suggests that soci al-class can affect the flexibility and ‘acceptable’ gender traits presented by men and women. For example Shaffer (2009) states that people from middle-class background have overall more acceptable views of gender trait presentation in men and women. They may feel more flexible to the idea of a male demonstrating a nurturing role, and a woman being the sole bread winner of the family, than working-class people. This can be seen as a typically modern idea, and can suggest that women and male gender personality traits are swapping, in terms of the roles they take on. This can therefore suggest that male and female gender personality traits are not so specific, but are only presented by the certain sex at certain times. This idea can be seen in Weisner and Wilson-Mitchell (1990) study where children raised in ‘countercultural’ homes, instead of traditionally at home with a mother and father, are seen to present an equal amount of male and female traits, and a re less gender-stereotyped. However, these children are still very aware of the traditional gender traits and the differences between them. Finally, this is not to suggest that cultural differences don’t mirror typical western views of gender trait differences. Williams and best (1990) carried out a longitudinal study over 30 different countries were they found overlapping traits most common found in both women and men, such as aggression and nurturing tendencies. Overall, gender differences in personality are both clearly affected by biological and behavioural influences. Males are born with an evolutionary inclination to behave aggressively, and this behaviour is encouraged by socialisation from parents and other role models. This can be seen in female evolutionary inclinations to nurture and protect their children, and socialisation such as being encouraged to play with dolls and care for them promotes these gender traits. Generally, gender traits in personality present more similarities between females and males than they do differences, but this does not mean they do not exist and are not portrayed differently over cultures and social classes. The way gender traits in personality are measured can determine to what extent male and females differ, but with modern ideas becoming the forefront of gender trait presentation, the distinguishing of gender differences in personality may be swapping over, becoming narrower, and becoming far less de fined.

Differences between The Birds the Movie and The Birds short story Essay

The Birds   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Birds, the movie was directed by Alfred Hitchcock and was based on the short story â€Å"The Birds† written by Daphne du Murrier. If you would have read the book and then watched the movie, you would see that very few things are the same. In both the short story and the movie flocks of gulls, robins, crows, and sparrows join each other. This is really weird because different species of birds never work together. The story and the film both have the same climate. It is cold and chilly; â€Å"the ground is frozen and it will be a black winter.† The climate gives the versions of the story a creepy and suspenseful feeling.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each version also has the main characters boarding up the windows. Anyone who thought the birds won’t attack are usually found dead, but in the movie they are found with their eyes pecked out. Also, both the story and the movie have REALLY bad endings! They aren’t very similar, but they both leave you hanging. When you see a movie or read a book you want to know what happens to the main characters. In these two, you didn’t get an ending. They left you hanging and for some people that ruins it all. The birds attack in the same way also. They come through the house, peck at the windows, and try to come through the doors. They succeed in coming through upstairs in both the film and the short story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The short story and the film have the same plots and the same conflict ...

Math Studies Sl Internal Assessment

Dependency of a Boxer’s Win rate on Reach and Gender Antonio Paolo Gomez Candidate No. 003902-006 Northbridge International School Cambodia Math Studies Internal Assessment Word Count: 1655 Statement of Task3 Plan3 Data4 Math Processes5 Simple math processes:5 Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient r:7 Chi-Square8 Discussion/Validity10 Conclusion10 Works Cited11 Statement of Task Boxing is a very well known sport around the world, where two disciplined athletes face off in a ring, trading blows until one of them submits or until judges decide a winner.The sport revolves around throwing blows with their fists, and to organize said athletes, their characteristics are measured, and their accomplishments are recorded. Before a fight is held, a fighter’s profile is summarized, mentioning the person’s height, weight, reach, and their win/loss record. All of what is mentioned is said to play a big part in the flow of the match. The purpose of this investigation is to determine if there is a relationship between a boxer’s reach and his winning rate. The data that will be taken will be professional boxers’ measured reach and their counts of wins and losses for winning rate.The measurement of a boxer’s reach is used to determine how far he can extend his punch. The measure of boxers’ reaches and their records of wins and losses will be used to determine if reach is one of the larger factors that affect an athlete’s chances in a match. Plan The investigation will include data gathered from professional boxers, which are their reach and their counts of wins and losses. The data that will be collected can be collected from official sites online, which have brief profiles of athletes’ measurements. I will be using official sites since they tend to be up to date and have accurate and legit information.The amount of data collected will consist of 30 athletes, half of whom are male and half are female. The data wi ll be collected from official boxing sites such as BoxRec. com, which contains the profiles of numerous official boxers and their measurements, which includes their reach and wins and losses. The data for one athlete will consist of his reach and his win/loss record. I will attempt to avoid any professional athletes that are relatively new to the professional stage, so I will be looking at boxers with around at least five years of experience.Once the data has been acquired, the data will be analyzed using different mathematical processes. A scatter plot will be used to plot out said data. The correlation coefficient r will be calculated. The   test of independence will be used to determine if there is a dependency between a boxer’s gender and winning rate. Data | Males| | Boxer| Reach (cm)| Win Rate (%)| 1| 170| 90. 00| 2| 173| 96. 77| 3| 183| 96. 88| 4| 194| 88. 57| 5| 183| 87. 88| 6| 207| 92. 31| 7| 177| 94. 29| 8| 183| 72. 34| 9| 201| 100. 00| 10| 198| 95. 24| 11| 198| 8 0. 77| 2| 179| 86. 21| 13| 179| 89. 29| 14| 183| 87. 88| 15| 180| 89. 66| | Females| | Boxer| Reach (cm)| Win Rate (%)| 1| 165| 89. 47| 2| 161| 86. 67| 3| 167| 66. 04| 4| 166| 75. 00| 5| 162| 81. 25| 6| 168| 93. 33| 7| 163| 76. 47| 8| 162| 75. 00| 9| 159| 88. 46| 10| 167| 86. 21| 11| 176| 80. 95| 12| 171| 83. 87| 13| 168| 82. 61| 14| 166| 78. 95| 15| 169| 90. 48| From the scatter plot using both male and female sets of data, we can predict that the calculated correlation would be weak and that a boxer’s win rate weakly correlates with his/her reach.This can be seen as the data points are spread and plotted quite far from the line of best fit. Math Processes Simple math processes: Average: Males * Reach in centimeters: 170+173+183+194+183+207+177+183+201+198+198+179+179+183+180=2788 2788/15= 185. 8666667 cm * Win rate in percentage: 90. 00+96. 77+96. 88+88. 57+87. 88+92. 31+94. 29+72. 34+100+95. 24+80. 77+86. 21+89. 29+87. 88+89. 66= 1348. 09 1348. 09/15= 89. 87% Average: Fema les * Reach in centimeters: 165+161+167+166+162+168+163+162+159+167+176+171+168+166+169= 2490 2490/15= 166 cm * Win rate in percentage: 89. 7+86. 67+66. 04+75+81. 25+93. 33+76. 47+75+88. 46+86. 21+80. 95+83. 87+82. 61+78. 95+90. 48=1234. 76 1234. 76/15=82. 32 Average: both genders * Reach in centimeters: 2788+2490=5278 5278/30=175. 93 cm * Win rate in percentage: 1348. 09+1234. 76= 2582. 85 2582. 85/30= 86. 095% We can see a small difference in win rate between the genders, with male boxers having a higher win rate by about 7%. We can see a bigger difference between the reach of the two genders but this would most likely be because men tend to grow and develop their bodies naturally larger than women.Standard Deviation: Reach: Males: Sx=170-185. 872+173-185. 872+183-185. 872+194-185. 872†¦180-185. 87215 Sx=10. 626 Females: Sx=165-1662+161-1662+167-1662+166-1662+162-1662†¦169-166215 Sx=4. 163 Both Genders: Sx=170-175. 932+173-175. 932+183-175. 932+194-175. 932†¦169-175 . 93230 Sx=12. 798 We are able to see that the standard deviation is greater for the male boxers female boxers. We can assume that the pieces of data from the men are spread farther from the mean as compared to the data from the women. This means that in regards to the data collected, female boxers seem to be closer n their measured reach as compared to the males. The standard deviation for both groups surpasses the calculated standard deviation for the separate male and female groups, meaning that as a whole range of data, the reaches recorded altogether are even more spread out from the average as compared to the genders separately. Standard Deviation: Win rate: Males: Sx=90-89. 872+96. 77-89. 872+96. 88-89. 872+88. 57-89. 872†¦89. 66-89. 87215 Sx=6. 67 Females: Sx=89. 47-82. 322+86. 67-82. 322+66. 04-82. 322+75-82. 322†¦90. 48-82. 32215 Sx=6. 995 Both Genders: Sy=90. 00-86. 0952+96. 7-86. 0952+96. 88-86. 0952+88. 57-86. 0952†¦90. 48-86. 095230 Sy = 7. 8087 We can s ee from the calculated standard deviations that the standard deviation for the win rate of males and females are close to each other, meaning that both have pieces of data that are similarly far from the calculated mean. In regards to all data recorded regardless of gender, the standard deviation is found to be slightly higher, meaning that the pieces of data for both genders are slightly farther from the mean as compared to the separate gender groups of data. Subject| Reach| Win Rate| xy| | 170| 90| 15300| 2| 173| 96. 77| 16741. 21| 3| 183| 96. 88| 17729. 04| 4| 194| 88. 57| 17182. 58| 5| 183| 87. 88| 16082. 04| 6| 207| 92. 31| 19108. 17| 7| 177| 94. 29| 16689. 33| 8| 183| 72. 34| 13238. 22| 9| 201| 100| 20100| 10| 198| 95. 24| 18857. 52| 11| 198| 80. 77| 15992. 46| 12| 179| 86. 21| 15431. 59| 13| 179| 89. 29| 15982. 91| 14| 183| 87. 88| 16082. 04| 15| 180| 89. 66| 16138. 8| 16| 165| 89. 47| 14762. 55| 17| 161| 86. 67| 13953. 87| 18| 167| 66. 04| 11028. 68| 19| 166| 75| 12450| 20| 162| 81. 25| 13162. 5| 21| 168| 93. 33| 15679. 44| 22| 163| 76. 47| 12464. 1| 23| 162| 75| 12150| 24| 159| 88. 46| 14065. 14| 25| 167| 86. 21| 14397. 07| 26| 176| 80. 95| 14247. 2| 27| 171| 83. 87| 14341. 77| 28| 168| 82. 61| 13878. 48| 29| 166| 78. 95| 13105. 7| 30| 169| 90. 48| 15291. 12| sum| 5278| 2582. 85| 455634| average| 175. 9333| 86. 1| 15187. 8| Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient r: Covariance: x-x(y-y)n or xyn-x y x=175. 93 y=86. 095 xy=455634. 04 455634. 0430=15187. 80133 15187. 80133-175. 9386. 095=41. 10789 Correlation: r=SxySxSy Sxy=41. 10789 Sx=12. 798 Sy=7. 8087 41. 1078912. 798(7. 8087)=. 411344119 r=. 411344119 r2=. 1692039842Correlation coefficient r is calculated to be very weak, meaning that reach and win rate show very little correlation and that a boxer’s reach is not a big factor of his or her chances of victory. With low correlation between a boxer’s reach and win rate, I will now see if gender is a factor of an athlete’s win rate by calculating chi squared. Chi-Square Observed Values | Numerical| Numerical| Total| Category| A| B| A+B| Category| C| D| C+D| Total| A+C| B+D| N| Calculating Expected Values | Numerical| Numerical| Total| Category| (A+B)(A+C)/30| (A+B)(B+D)/30| A+B| Category| (C+D)(A+C)/30| (C+D)(B+D)/30| C+D|Total| A+C| B+D| N| Intervals have been decided by average of the winning rates of the two genders. (82. 32+89. 87)/2=86. 095 Observed Data Values | Win rate > 86%| Win rate ? 86%| Total| Male| 2| 13| 15| Female| 9| 6| 15| Total| 11| 19| 30| Calculated Expected Data Values | Win rate > 86%| Win rate ? 86%| Total| Male| 5. 5| 9. 5| 15| Female| 5. 5| 9. 5| 15| Total| 11| 19| 30| Degrees of Freedom Df=(Rows-1) (Columns-1) (2-1)(2-1) = 1 ?2=fo-fe2fe fo = Observed Frequency fe = Expected Frequency ?2=1-323+7-7. 527. 5+7-4. 524. 5+5-323+8-7. 527. 5+2-4. 524. 5 Chi Square Value Table o| fe| fo-fe| (fe-fe)^2| (fo-fe)^2/fe| 2| 5. 5| 3. 5| 12. 25| 2. 227272727| 13| 9. 5| -3. 5| 12. 25| 1. 289473684| 9 | 5. 5| -3. 5| 12. 25| 2. 227272727| 6| 9. 5| 3. 5| 12. 25| 1. 289473684| | | | sum:| 7. 033492823| ?2= 7. 033 Degrees of freedom= 1 Significance level= 5% 5% significance is used because it is the most common level of significance used. HO= Gender and win rate are independent of each other H1= Gender and win rate are dependent of each other The ? 2 critical value at 5% significance with 1 degrees freedom is found to be 3. 841. The ? 2 value is greater than the critical value: 7. 33>3. 841, the null hypothesis is rejected and it can therefore be assumed that a boxer’s win rate is dependent of his or her gender. Discussion/Validity The investigation carried out to observe the correlation of Win rate and reach and win rate and gender has a few limitations that have affected the outcome of the results. One limitation is that although it is taken into account the reach of each boxer, their size and weight places them in different classes for professional fights. This means that f ighters would normally be fighting people that have similar size, and theoretically, similar reach.With similar reach between two fighting boxers, the outcome of an athlete’s history of fights really could have been affected by other factors such as tactics and strength. Another limitation would be the fact that all of the collected pieces of data are all of high win rates. In boxing records and leagues, if there is a boxer who has won 90% of his matches, there should also be a boxer who has lost that many of his matches as well. The collected data covers 30 pieces. This is done to supply a large amount of data, enough to give reasonably accurate results.Half of the data gathered covered male boxers and the other half covered female for the purpose of investigating the dependency of win rate on gender with chi squared. One limitation in regards to the genders, is that there is no co-ed boxing, meaning that females and males do not compete with each other and are separated int o two genders for boxing matches. Although there is no specified threshold for winning rates in boxing, the intervals decided in the chi squared tables can be justified as the below and above averages for the average win rates of the two genders.Conclusion The found ? 2 value of 7. 033 rejects the null hypothesis, that Win rate for boxers is independent of their gender and accepts the alternative hypothesis, that a boxer’s win rate is dependent of a boxer’s gender. The extent of this calculation is affected by the nature of the data collected. The data that was collected for males and females consisted of high win rate percentages, and in boxing, when there is an individual who has won 70% of his matches, there is sure to be an athlete who has lost 70% of his matches as well.The investigation shows that there is a very low correlation between reaches and win rate for boxers regardless of their gender. This outcome could have been affected because of one of the mentione d limitations above, where boxers of similar size and weight are placed in the same class and fight, so reach becomes less of a factor for victory as compared to strength, speed, and tactics. Works Cited Boxrec Boxing Records Ratings. 4 November 2012 . Boxrec. Boxrec Boxing Records.

Why Applying to as Many Jobs as Possible can be a Mistake

Why Applying to as Many Jobs as Possible can be a Mistake There are two mistakes when applying for jobs. One is to apply to every job in sight, and the other is to apply for multiple positions within the company. Learning the reasons these are mistakes can keep an individual from wasting time and concentrate on the jobs that the individual really wants. If you do not want to waste time finding the right jobs, you can sign up for the right jobs to be sent to you when they become available. Applying for Multiple Jobs at the Same TimeIndividuals who apply for multiple jobs at the same time on job search sites tend to follow the same pattern. Because they are flooding the job websites with multiple applications, they are not taking the time to individualize job applications to show that they are qualified to fill particular jobs. This is the reason why those who send out multiple applications rarely hear back from recruiters. It is better to take the time to research the company and rework a job application to fit the description of the positio n.Focus on Particular JobsThe purpose of a resume is to sell the talents of a worker to a company. The resume should show that the applicant has the credentials to do a particular job and would be a good fit in the position and with the company. A candidate whose resume is too generic will most likely have his or her resume end up in the bottom of the pile.Be Careful Where You Are ApplyingHiring managers or recruiters may post job ads on multiple sites looking for the right match for a job. One mistake job applicants can make is not noticing that they are applying for the same position with the same company over and over. However, the recruiter does notice and may think that the job applicant is sending out multiple resumes without any discretion.Don’t Apply for Nonexistent JobsSome people make the mistake of applying for jobs at a company where none are available. After sending out possibly hundreds of applications, it should be surprising when no responses are forthcoming. Apply only to real job openings where the company is actively looking to fill a position.Applying for Multiple Jobs at the Same CompanyThis can be a big mistake. Recruiters see the job applications as they come in, and an individual who applies for multiple positions within the same company can come across as desperate and willing to take any job. Applying for jobs in this way can end up with the recruiter noting your desperation on your application file. In other words, this is a good way to never get called in for an interview. Recruiters want individuals who actually want particular jobs because they are more likely to stay in the position.How to Apply for Multiple Jobs at the Same CompanyIf a job seeker has an eye to work for a particular company, there are ways to send multiple application, limited to two or three, and still be considered, but it takes finesse to do so. The size of the company can make a difference. A large company may employ multiple recruiters, and that can i ncrease the odds that the same individual will not spot multiple applications from the same person. In addition, focusing only on jobs that are in the same category and for which an individual is fully qualified can make a difference.Getting Your Name Out ThereBesides letting your friends and coworkers know that you are job hunting, it can also be a good idea to use social media such as Facebook or LinkedIn to promote yourself. Many recruiters now take a look at a job applicant’s LinkedIn profile because it can contain much more job information and history than a resume. No matter what an individual’s field of employment is, using job search sites or a job search service can be enhanced by using social media.Applying for a job and getting a callback for an interview takes dedication and focusing on skills and credentials that apply to particular job descriptions. Just as knowing how to get considered for a job is important, so is using the right means to find that job. TheJobNetwork can help by searching job listings that match your skills and expertise to send you email alerts around the clock that might interest you. All you have to do is fill out your qualifications and job interests and TheJobNetwork does the rest. Sign up with TheJobNetwork and get started now.

Dunkirk Evacuation

Dunkirk Evacuation From May 26 to June 4, 1940, the British sent 222 Royal Navy ships and about 800 civilian boats to evacuate the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and other Allied troops from the seaport of Dunkirk in France during World War II. After eight months of inaction during the Phoney War, British, French, and Belgian troops were quickly overwhelmed by Nazi Germany’s blitzkrieg tactics when the attack began on May 10, 1940. Rather than be completely annihilated, the BEF decided to retreat to Dunkirk and hope for evacuation. Operation Dynamo, the evacuation of over a quarter million troops from Dunkirk, seemed a near impossible task, but the British people pulled together and ultimately rescued about 198,000 British and 140,000 French and Belgian troops. Without the evacuation at Dunkirk, World War II would have been lost in 1940. Preparing to Fight After World War II started on September 3, 1939, there was a period of approximately eight months in which basically no fighting occurred; journalists called this the â€Å"Phoney War.† Although granted eight months to train and fortify for a German invasion, the British, French, and Belgian troops were quite unprepared when the attack actually began on May 10, 1940. Part of the problem was that while the German Army had been given hope of a victorious and different outcome than that of World War I, the Allied troops were uninspired, sure that trench warfare once again awaited them. The Allied leaders also relied heavily on the newly built, high-tech, defensive fortifications of the Maginot Line, which ran along the French border with Germany – dismissing the idea of an attack from the north. So, instead of training, the Allied troops spent much of their time drinking, chasing girls, and just waiting for the attack to come. For many BEF soldiers, their stay in France felt a bit like a mini vacation, with good food and little to do. This all changed when the Germans attacked in the early hours of May 10, 1940. The French and British troops went north to meet the advancing Germany Army in Belgium, not realizing that a large portion of the German Army (seven Panzer divisions) were cutting through the Ardennes, a wooded area that the Allies had considered impenetrable. Retreating to Dunkirk With the German Army in front of them in Belgium and coming up behind them from the Ardennes, the Allied troops were quickly forced to retreat. The French troops, at this point, were in great disorder. Some had become trapped within Belgium while others scattered. Lacking strong leadership and effective communication, the retreat left the French Army in serious disarray. The BEF were also backpedalling into France, fighting skirmishes as they retreated. Digging in by day and retreating at night, the British soldiers got little to no sleep. Fleeing refugees clogged the streets, slowing the travel of military personnel and equipment. German Stuka dive bombers attacked both soldiers and refugees, while German soldiers and tanks popped up seemingly everywhere. The BEF troops often became scattered, but their morale remained relatively high. Orders and strategies among the Allies were changing quickly. The French were urging a regrouping and a counterattack. On May 20, Field Marshal John Gort (commander of the BEF) ordered a counterattack at Arras. Although initially successful, the attack was not strong enough to break through the German line and the BEF was again forced to retreat. The French continued to push for a regrouping and a counteroffensive. The British, however, were starting to realize that the French and Belgian troops were too disorganized and demoralized to create a strong enough counteroffensive to halt the highly effective German advance. Much more likely, believed Gort, was that if the British joined the French and Belgian troops, they would all be annihilated. On May 25, 1940, Gort made the difficult decision to not only abandon the idea of a joint counteroffensive, but to retreat to Dunkirk in the hopes of an evacuation. The French believed this decision to be desertion; the British hoped it would allow them to fight another day. A Little Help From the Germans and the Defenders of Calais Ironically, the evacuation at Dunkirk could not have happened without the help of the Germans. Just as the British were regrouping at Dunkirk, the Germans stopped their advance just 18 miles away. For three days (May 24 to 26), German Army Group B stayed put. Many people have suggested that Nazi Fuhrer Adolf Hitler purposely let the British Army go, believing that the British would then more readily negotiate a surrender. The more likely reason for the halt was that General Gerd von Runstedt, the commander of German Army Group B, didn’t want to take his armored divisions into the swampy area around Dunkirk. Also, the German supply lines had become greatly overextended after such a quick and lengthy advance into France; the German Army needed to stop long enough for their supplies and infantry to catch up. German Army Group A also held off attacking Dunkirk until May 26. Army Group A had become entangled in a siege at Calais, where a small pocket of BEF soldiers had holed up. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill believed the epic defense of Calais had a direct correlation to the outcome of the Dunkirk evacuation. Calais was the crux. Many other causes might have prevented the deliverance of Dunkirk, but it is certain that the three days gained by the defence of Calais enabled Gravelines waterline to be held, and that without this, even in spite of Hitler’s vacillations and Rundstedt’s orders, all would have been cut off and lost.* The three days that German Army Group B halted and Army Group A fought at the Siege of Calais were essential in allowing the BEF a chance to regroup at Dunkirk. On May 27, with the Germans once again attacking, Gort ordered a 30-mile-long defensive perimeter to be established around Dunkirk. The British and French soldiers manning this perimeter were charged with holding the Germans back in order to give time for the evacuation. The Evacuation From Dunkirk While the retreat was underway, Admiral Bertram Ramsey in Dover, Great Britain began considering the possibility of an amphibious evacuation starting on May 20, 1940. Ultimately, the British had less than a week to plan Operation Dynamo, the large-scale evacuation of British and other Allied troops from Dunkirk. The plan was to send ships from England across the Channel and have them pick up troops waiting on the beaches of Dunkirk. Although there were over a quarter of a million troops waiting to be picked up, the planners expected to only be able to save 45,000. Part of the difficulty was the harbor at Dunkirk. The gentle shelving of the beach meant that much of the harbor was too shallow for ships to enter. To solve this, smaller craft had to travel from ship to beach and back again to gather passengers for loading. This took a lot of extra time and there were not enough small boats to fulfill this job quickly. The waters were also so shallow that even these smaller craft had to stop 300 feet from the waterline and soldiers had to wade out to their shoulders before they could climb aboard. With not enough supervision, many desperate soldiers ignorantly overloaded these small boats, causing them to capsize. Another problem was that when the first ships set out from England, starting on May 26, they didn’t really know where to go. Troops were spread out over 21-miles of beaches near Dunkirk and the ships were not told where along these beaches they should load. This caused confusion and delay. Fires, smoke, Stuka dive bombers, and German artillery were definitely another problem. Everything seemed to be on fire, including cars, buildings, and an oil terminal. Black smoke covered the beaches. Stuka dive bombers attacked the beaches, but focused their attention along the waterline, hoping and often succeeding in sinking some of the ships and other watercraft. The beaches were large, with sand dunes in the back. Soldiers waited in long lines, covering the beaches. Although exhausted from long marches and little sleep, soldiers would dig in while waiting their turn in line – it was too loud to sleep. Thirst was a major problem on the beaches; all the clean water in the area had been contaminated. Speeding Things Up The loading of soldiers into small landing craft, ferrying them to the larger ships, and then coming back to reload was an excruciatingly slow process. By midnight on May 27, only 7,669 men had made it back to England. To speed things up, Captain William Tennant ordered a destroyer to come directly alongside the East Mole at Dunkirk on May 27. (The East Mole was a 1600-yard-long causeway that was used as a breakwater.) Although not built for it, Tennant’s plan to have troops embark directly from the East Mole worked wonderfully and from then on it became the main location for soldiers to load. On May 28, 17,804 soldiers were taken back to England.   This was an improvement, but hundreds of thousands more still needed saving. The rearguard was, for now, holding off the German assault, but it was a matter of days, if not hours, before the Germans would break through the defensive line. More help was needed. In Britain, Ramsey worked tirelessly to get every single boat possible – both military and civilian across the Channel to pick up the stranded troops. This flotilla of ships eventually included destroyers, minesweepers, anti-submarine trawlers, motor boats, yachts, ferries, launches, barges, and any other kind of boat they could find. The first of the â€Å"little ships† made it to Dunkirk on May 28, 1940. They loaded up men from the beaches east of Dunkirk and then headed back through the dangerous waters to England. Stuka dive bombers plagued the boats and they had to be constantly on the lookout for German U-boats. It was a dangerous venture, but it helped save the British Army. On May 31, 53,823 soldiers were brought back to England, thanks in a large part to these little ships. Near midnight on June 2, the St. Helier left Dunkirk, carrying the very last of the BEF troops. However, there were still more French troops to rescue. The crews of the destroyers and other craft were exhausted, having made numerous trips to Dunkirk without rest and yet they still went back to save more soldiers. The French also helped by sending ships and civilian craft. At 3:40 a.m. on June 4, 1940, the very last ship, the Shikari, left Dunkirk. Although the British had expected to only save 45,000, they succeeded in rescuing a total of 338,000 Allied troops. Aftermath The evacuation of Dunkirk was a retreat, a loss, and yet the British troops were greeted as heroes when they got home. The whole operation, which some have termed â€Å"the Miracle of Dunkirk,† gave the British a battle cry and became a rallying point for the rest of the war.    Most importantly, the evacuation of Dunkirk saved the British Army and did allow it to fight another day.    * Sir Winston Churchill as quoted in Major General Julian Thompson, Dunkirk: Retreat to Victory (New York: Arcade Publishing, 2011) 172.

Should College Ban Alcohol Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Should College Ban Alcohol - Research Proposal Example Coupled with many other problems, the freedom to drink alcohol in colleges has been seen to be responsible for a number of social ills. A section of the society feels that colleges should ban alcohol so that students do not drink on campus (Correia 56). Similarly, there are also others who feel that colleges should not ban alcohol. Both sides of the argument have advanced various reasons for their arguments. Nothing much in those two wide opinions has changed. The debate still rages. Pro-Alcohol Ban in Colleges Arguments Alcohol Drinking in Colleges Impact Negatively in Learning Outcomes To begin with, supporting side of the argument on whether colleges should ban alcohols has advanced various reasons for this position. Research results published in AlcoholEdu between 2008-2009 found out that alcoholism in college impacts negatively on learning objectives and outcome. The authors say, â€Å"The number of drinks consumed correlates with the number of classes missed.† By this, the authors imply that the more a student drinks in college, the more such a student will be inclined to miss classes. The authors feel that it should be the responsibility of the society to shape the development of such student so that do not waste study time. The strength of this assertion is that it logically points out that missed classes may most likely result in a fail grade in the unit concerned. Therefore, as such students mature up with time, they should be guided on the right path by banning alcohol on campus. Even so, it appears that such an argument is weak in the sense that it insinuates that colleges should babysit adult students.

Discussion thre Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion thre - Assignment Example has a moral duty to care for those suffering from Ebola and the decision about whether or not to administer the drug touches on this duty (Jackson, 2006). The ethical principles that are relevant to this event are respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-malfeasance, and justice. Respect for autonomy requires that healthcare providers regard patients’ right to decide what happens to their bodies. Beneficence focuses on doing the best thing to a patient in all situations, while under non-malfeasance, healthcare providers endeavor not to do any harm to patients. Upholding justice makes healthcare providers to deal fairly with all patients in giving treatment or distributing scarce resources. Respect for autonomy, beneficence, and non-malfeasance are in conflict in this case. Respect for autonomy is more compelling in this case because it will allow the testing of the experimental drug with a patient’s consent. This principle would suggest and offer support for a resolution by allowing the experimenter to test the drug without breaking the law and the patient might benefit if the drug works (Sugarman & Sulmasy, 2010). The distinction between consent and informed consent has implications for professional healthcare providers. Informed consent protects professional healthcare providers from legal action and consent does not. Finally, in education related to informed consent, APRN should emphasize the need for healthcare providers to provide patients with sufficient information regarding any procedure for which they might intend to carry out on patients (Maclean,

Critical Evaluation of an E-Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Critical Evaluation of an E-Business - Essay Example This may be due to sedentary habits setting in with increasing age. The survey also revealed that the marketing efforts of retailers to spruce up their websites yielded positive results with a majority of respondents feeling that they were attracted by the pleasant atmosphere created by the retailers' websites. A majority of respondents also felt that shopping online is fast becoming a set trend and the pattern will increase in the future. Some of this also felt that they were ready to shop online wholly. This is a report on a survey conducted on 15 respondents of their experience in shopping online at two premier British Online establishments - Sainsbury and ADSA. In essence it is a study of consumer behaviour that assists firms, organisations and even individuals to improve their interaction with consumers by better understanding of certain issues that shall be enumerated later in the report, all of which were the initial objectives of the survey. Before setting out the issues the report states a little of what use the survey may be. Consumer behaviour can be described as behaviours of individuals, groups, and organisations as they use processes to select, secure, use and dispose of products, services, experiences and ideas to satisfy needs (Perner, Lars). The study of consumer behaviour can be utilised in four major ways as follows. Marketing Strategy: Study of consumer behaviour can... The study of consumer behaviour can be utilised in four major ways as follows. Marketing Strategy: Study of consumer behaviour can enable enterprises, groups and individuals to formulate effective marketing strategies. For example, in this particular instance, the study of consumer behaviour in relation to the two online stores can enable the managerial staff of these stores to determine how they can enhance the shopping experiences of shoppers at their individual stores of that shoppers return again and again, thus creating a faithful bank of customers. Either enhancing their individual stores' websites or any other suitable means may do this. How the attractiveness of the websites can be enhanced can easily be determined by what the consumers want that can be featured within the responses of the survey. Public Policy: Public policy can be determined through the means of consumer surveys that can effectively reveal characteristics of consumption that the policy makers can then utilise to formulate effective policy. Social Marketing: Consumer behaviour studies can effectively enable social marketing that can enhance societal values through suitable manipulation of mass consumer behaviour. Ideas and experiences that reinforce societal values can be effectively spread through consumer products after study of consumption patterns. Personal Experience: Study of consumer behaviour can enhance personal experiences by enabling the individual consumer to become aware of inherent difficulties facilities in shopping at certain consumption points. (Perner, Lars) There is also some need to fill in some important details on the online British

Comparison Of Hobbes’ And Locke’s Political Philosophies Essay Example for Free

Comparison Of Hobbes’ And Locke’s Political Philosophies Essay Thomas Hobbes and John Locke are both contemporary philosophers who were made famous for their political philosophies especially on areas of government and the community. Although Hobbes was born forty one years ahead of Locke, both have agreed on certain ideas but remained in contrast with others. In this paper we will try to compare the main philosophies held by Hobbes and Locke, focusing on their opinions on government, community, leadership and the concept of social contract or covenant. This paper will also attempt to align the said philosophies in contemporary events particularly in the American life after September 11 attack. At the end of this paper, this author aims to establish the fact that Locke’s political philosophies are more practical, consistent and acceptable over that of Hobbes. Hobbes and Locke are particularly interested in human beings and how they interact with the world. Both believing in the existence of God, they both insist that human beings need a leader- a feature of human community that is a vital element of their survival. 1â€Å"Without a leader, the country would fall away into nothing†. They however differ on the type of leader that a community should have in order to survive. For Hobbes, there’s only one man that should rule or govern the people, and that is a king (Hobbes, Thomas 1994, p. 83). Hobbes maintains that it is only this king who should be given the authority and the responsibility to write laws, make decision and consequently of controlling the people. In order for people to survive, people are therefore compelled to obey the commands of the ruler, both in religious and government matters. Locke however believes the other way around. For John Locke, it is rather the people who should run the government and not the king. Consequently, Locke points to the idea that the responsibility of uniting and taking care of the needs of the whole community lies in the hands of the people and not on the sole control of one person. Unlike Hobbes, Locke somehow points to a democratic form of government wherein the people are given the right to participate in all affairs of the government including the responsibility of deciding what is best for the general public. Locke also suggests that the people should rather have to decide on who they wanted to rule over them. Moreover, since the power lies on the people, they have the right to overthrow a wicked ruler in the same way as they have decided to have him seated in the position (Locke, John 1997, p. 22). Because Hobbes maintains authoritarian form of government, he insists that 1â€Å"society could not exist except by the power of the state†. This is directly contrary to Locke’s view that man is inherently a social being and thus has the need and the ability to interact with others. Hobbes idea then simply would suggest that man is necessarily a creature that cannot decide for him nor does he has the ability to discern what is good and what is evil because he needs a ruler in order to establish a society. Moreover the statement suggests that man has to submit to an authority and after which all individual rights are gone and so man is compelled to obey. It is also important to note that Hobbes, in this aspect believes that man does not have the right to rebel against the ruler since the latter is assumed to be someone who does all things good and lawful. For Hobbes, the right thing for man to do is to shut up and obey and once this is done, anyone does not have the right to kill the obedient one. Because the state is the supreme ruler in the society, the ruler then is assumed to be wise enough to the point that all his affairs, his views and decisions are deemed just. Hobbes also assumes that 1â€Å"all of society is a direct creation of the state and a reflection of the will of the ruler†. Locke however has a better and more practical idea that is obviously been the basis of most governments, especially those that employ the democratic form of government. On the concept of social contract, Locke believes that by giving up our rights to â€Å"exact retribution for crimes†, we are in return given the right to just, impartial protection of our properties and out lives (Harris, Ian 1994). Relative to this, man still retain his rights to life and liberty. The state, according to Locke has only one role, and that is 1â€Å"to ensure that justice is seen to be done†. The ruler therefore is necessarily not the sole decision maker in the society, rather he is just an instrument appointed by the general public to serve justice and maintain peace. The government therefore, as peacemakers should not be involved in any form of injustice or any act that may disturb peace in the society. Otherwise, Locke believes that the people are given the right to kill or overthrow the ruler. Although Hobbes is in favor of the unlimited power of the state, he justified his point well by stating that the purpose of such unlimited power is to end all conflict and contention. Because he regarded people as creatures who are incapable of knowing what is good and evil, Hobbes believes that people have the tendency to freely live a material life which would result into conflict. Thus the avoid this, the state is given the sole and unlimited power over them. 1Both Hobbes and Locke believe that there is an implied contract between the state and the people as soon as a ruler is being placed in power. The difference however is that Locke regard that contract as something that impliedly sets the ruler as a judge over the affairs of the people while Hobbes set that contract as something that sets the ruler as a master of the people. Hobbes points out â€Å"all contracts are binding, even if entered into from fear of violence or pain of death† (Hobbes, 1994 p. 86). Hobbes does maintains that man does not have the ability to recognize good from evil because he believes that good and evil are established and defined by the will of the state (Hobbes, 1994 p. 28). This means that good and evil exist only because something or things are defined as such by the ruler. Hobbes then points to the idea that there exist no definite standard or basis for man to know what is the right thing to do and what is wrong. As with the idea of property and its ownership, Hobbes believes that the state is the one defining the property of somebody. Because man cannot discern good from evil, human beings without the state or the ruler cannot live in peace. Hobbes further assumes that peace can only exist and reign in a society when its people subject themselves to one absolute and common master. From here Hobbes might be suggesting that it is impossible for the world to experience peace since the world does have different rulers. On the other hand, Locke believes that humans inherently has the capacity to discern what is good from evil and are therefore capable of knowing what is lawful and what is not. â€Å"Most importantly, they are capable of telling the difference between what is theirs and what belongs to someone else† (Locke, John 2002, p. 87). Locke however recognizes the fact that despite this inherent capacity and ability, humans act the other way around. In Locke’s view, the only norm should be peace and nothing else (Cox, R. H. 1960, p. 32). Unlike Hobbes, Locke believes that man has the capacity to live in peace by refraining from hurting other and from molesting or invading their properties. Since man has the inherent capacity to discern what is good from evil, it not therefore impossible for the world to achieve peace even with the existence of different rulers. All rulers of different countries in the world are human beings who are supposed to be mature and wise enough to know what is best for their people. Because most of these rulers are elected by the people, then it is likely that it is the general preference of the people that dominates the government affairs. I also agree with Locke that when the ruler placed by the people on the seat of power abused his political powers, then the people have all the right to overthrow him and replace with somebody deserving. In the contemporary world, Hobbes and Locke’s political theories can still be relevant especially that these have, in bulk, something to do with rights and liberties of the people and the role of the government on managing the lives of its people. After the September 11 attack, the American government has been very vigilant and has somehow gone beyond the normal process of ensuring the security of the Americans. Such security measures are so rigid and strict to the point that the freedom-loving Americans thought there are losing much of their liberties. The government in defense ensures the public that such implementation of security measures plainly for national security. As for me, such measures are preferred because my security, that of my family and all Americans is of higher importance than my liberties. Let us remember that the role of the state is to ensure that justice is being served at all times, as Locke maintains. Part of serving justice is for the state to implement measures that see to it that nobody in its jurisdiction is being oppressed or hurt. To set up surveillance cameras, place military men in public places, have everyone’s baggage inspected in airports, hotels or malls are part of security measures and I do not see anything that suggests these things to be invading anyone’s liberties. Besides what is liberty if we will all die under crumbles of another attack? The President has been elected by the people and it is assumed that his rule has the consent of the majority. The American people are wise enough to discern who the best person at the Presidential seat is. By casting our votes, we are entrusting our security and the general condition of the American people in the hands on the person we voted upon. To entrust our security to the elected President does not mean we are being robots who have nothing more to do but to shut up and obey as what Hobbes suggest. To have security measures implemented in public places does not at all violate our liberties and thus we do not need to regain them. I believe that the American government still acts within the limits of justice and that I still regard all measures to be actions wherein human security rather than vengeance is of higher priority. I believe that the American government has not yet failed with its task of protecting its people so we as citizens do not have yet the right to rebel or withdraw our support. Let us remember that failure to take its primary responsibility is the only requisite Locke has provided in order for the people to have reasons to rebel. We still have our full liberties with us and security measures are implemented in order to regain one thing we have lost in the 911 attack: justice. BIBLIOGRAPHY Cox, R. H. Locke on War and Peace. OUP: Oxford, 1960. Harris, Ian. The Mind of John Locke. CUP: Cambridge, 1994. An excellent contextual analysis of the political and religious mindset of Locke’s Britain. Hobbes, Thomas. The Leviathan. Ed. Edwin Curley. Indianapolis: Hacket. 1994. Locke, John. â€Å"Essay on the Law of Nature. † In Political Writings. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Ed. Mark Goldie. CUP: Cambridge, 2002. 1Locke versus Hobbes. 24 November 2007. http://www. jim. com/hobbes. htm Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Ed. Peter Laslett. CUP: Cambridge, 1997. Locke, John. â€Å"Two Tracts on Government. † In Political Writings. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Ed. Mark Goldie. CUP: Cambridge, 2002.